Fiber optic media ndi njira iliyonse yopatsira maukonde yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito magalasi, kapena ulusi wapulasitiki nthawi zina zapadera, kufalitsa ma netiweki monga ma pulses.M'zaka khumi zapitazi, optical fiber yakhala mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wama media otumizira ma netiweki pomwe kufunikira kwa bandwidth yapamwamba komanso kutalika kwakutali kukupitilira.
Ukadaulo wa Fiber optic ndi wosiyana pamachitidwe ake kuposa ma media amkuwa wamba chifukwa ma transmissions ndi "digital" kuwala pulses m'malo mosintha magetsi magetsi.Mwachidule kwambiri, ma fiber optic transmissions amalumikiza zomwe ndi ziroe zapaintaneti ya digito poyatsa ndi kuzimitsa kuwala kwa gwero la kuwala kwa laser, kutalika kwake, pama frequency apamwamba kwambiri.Gwero la kuwala nthawi zambiri ndi laser kapena mtundu wina wa Light-Emitting Diode (LED).Kuwala kochokera kugwero la kuwala kumawunikira ndi kuzimitsa monga momwe deta ikusindikizidwira.Kuwalako kumayenda mkati mwa ulusiwo mpaka chizindikiro cha kuwalako chikafika kumene chikupita ndipo chimawerengedwa ndi chowonera.
Zingwe za fiber optic zimakongoletsedwa ndi kuwala kokwanira kumodzi kapena kupitilira apo.Kutalika kwa mafunde a gwero linalake la kuwala ndi utali wake, womwe umayezedwa ndi nanometers (mabiliyoni a mita, chidule cha “nm”), pakati pa nsonga za mafunde mu mafunde amodzimodzi a kuwala kochokera kumagwero a kuwalako.Mutha kuganiza za kutalika kwa mawonekedwe ngati mtundu wa kuwala, ndipo ndi wofanana ndi liwiro la kuwala logawidwa ndi ma frequency.Pankhani ya Single-Mode Fiber (SMF), kuwala kosiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana kumatha kufalikira pamtundu womwewo nthawi iliyonse.Izi ndizothandiza pakuwonjezera mphamvu yotumizira chingwe cha fiber optic popeza kutalika kwa kuwala kulikonse ndi chizindikiro chodziwika.Chifukwa chake, mazizindikiro ambiri amatha kunyamulidwa pa chingwe chofanana cha ulusi wa kuwala.Izi zimafuna ma lasers angapo ndi zowunikira ndipo zimatchedwa Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM).
Nthawi zambiri, ulusi wa kuwala umagwiritsa ntchito mafunde pakati pa 850 ndi 1550 nm, kutengera gwero la kuwala.Mwachindunji, Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 850 kapena 1300 nm ndipo SMF imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1310, 1490, ndi 1550 nm (ndipo, mu machitidwe a WDM, mumayendedwe ozungulira mafunde oyambirirawa).Ukadaulo waposachedwa ukukulitsa izi mpaka 1625 nm ya SMF yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'badwo wotsatira Passive Optical Networks (PON) pamapulogalamu a FTTH (Fiber-To-The-Home).Galasi yopangidwa ndi silika imakhala yowonekera kwambiri pamafundewa, chifukwa chake kufalikira kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri (pamakhala kuchepetsedwa pang'ono kwa chizindikiro) mumtundu uwu.Kuwunikira, kuwala kowoneka (kuunika komwe mukutha kuwona) kumakhala ndi mafunde apakati pa 400 ndi 700 nm.Zowunikira zambiri za fiber optic zimagwira ntchito pafupi ndi infuraredi (pakati pa 750 ndi 2500 nm).Simungathe kuwona kuwala kwa infrared, koma ndi gwero lowunikira kwambiri la fiber optic.
Multimode CHIKWANGWANI nthawi zambiri 50/125 ndi 62.5/125 pomanga.Izi zikutanthawuza kuti pakati pa chiŵerengero cha cladding ndi 50 microns kufika 125 microns ndi 62.5 microns kufika 125 microns.Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma multimode fiber patch cable yomwe ilipo masiku ano, yodziwika bwino ndi ma multimode sc patch cable fiber, LC, ST, FC, ect.
Malangizo: Magwero ambiri amtundu wa fiber optic amatha kugwira ntchito mkati mwa sipekitiramu yowoneka ya wavelength komanso mosiyanasiyana mafunde, osati pa utali wina wake.Ma laser (kukulitsa kuwala ndi kusonkhezeredwa kutulutsa ma radiation) ndi ma LED amatulutsa kuwala mu sipekitiramu yocheperako, ngakhale yautali umodzi.
CHENJEZO: Zowunikira za laser zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zingwe za fiber optic (monga zingwe za OM3) ndizowopsa kwa maso anu.Kuyang'ana kumapeto kwa fiber optical yamoyo kumatha kuwononga kwambiri ma retina anu.Inu mukhoza kukhala wakhungu mpaka kalekale.Musayang'ane kumapeto kwa chingwe cha fiber optic popanda kudziwa poyamba kuti palibe gwero la kuwala lomwe likugwira ntchito.
Kutsika kwa ulusi wa kuwala (onse a SMF ndi MMF) ndi otsika pamafunde aatali.Zotsatira zake, kulumikizana kwautali wautali kumachitika pa 1310 ndi 1550 nm wavelengths pa SMF.Ulusi wowoneka bwino wamagetsi amakhala ndi kutsika kokulirapo pa 1385 nm.Pamwamba pa madziwa ndi chifukwa cha madzi ochepa kwambiri (m'gawo la miliyoni miliyoni) omwe amaphatikizidwa panthawi yopanga.Makamaka ndi molekyulu ya terminal -OH(hydroxyl) yomwe imakhala ndi kugwedezeka kwake pamlingo wa 1385 nm wavelength;potero zikuthandizira kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu pa kutalika kwa mafunde.M'mbuyomu, njira zoyankhulirana zinkagwira ntchito kumbali zonse za nsonga iyi.
Kuwala kukafika komwe kukupita, sensa imatenga kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa chizindikirocho ndikusintha kutulutsa kwa kuwala kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi.Pamene chizindikiro cha kuwala chikubalalitsa kapena kutsutsana ndi malire, m'pamenenso mwayi wotaya chizindikiro (attenuation).Kuphatikiza apo, cholumikizira chilichonse cha fiber optic pakati pa gwero lazizindikiro ndi kopita chimapereka mwayi wotayika.Chifukwa chake, zolumikizira ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa molondola pa kulumikizana kulikonse.Pali mitundu ingapo ya zolumikizira za fiber optic zomwe zilipo masiku ano.Zodziwika kwambiri ndi: ST, SC, FC, MT-RJ ndi LC zolumikizira.Mitundu yonseyi yolumikizira imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma multimode kapena single mode fiber.
Makina ambiri a LAN/WAN amagwiritsira ntchito ulusi umodzi potumiza ndi umodzi polandirira.Komabe, ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri umalola cholumikizira cha fiber optic kufalikira mbali ziwiri kudzera pa chingwe cha ulusi womwewo (mwachitsanzo, acwdm muxpogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa WDM).Mafunde osiyanasiyana a kuwala samasokonezana wina ndi mzake chifukwa zowunikira zimangoyang'aniridwa kuti ziwerenge mafunde enieni okha.Chifukwa chake, mukamatumiza mafunde ochulukirapo pa chingwe chimodzi cha fiber optical, mumafunikira zowunikira zambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-03-2021